What is rectal prolapse?
Rectal prolapse happens when the wall of the rectum loses its normal support and slips downward, partially or fully, sometimes protruding outside the anus, particularly when straining. It is more common in older adults and is not the same as haemorrhoids, although the two can sometimes be confused.
Symptoms & when to see a doctor
Symptoms include a feeling of tissue protruding from the anus, difficulty controlling bowel movements, mucus discharge, and bleeding. Because these symptoms can have other causes, they should be assessed by a doctor for an accurate diagnosis.
Treatment options
Surgery is the main treatment for full-thickness rectal prolapse. The choice of operation depends on the degree of prolapse, age, fitness for surgery and individual factors.
- Rectopexy: fixing the rectum back into its normal position, usually performed laparoscopically or robotically through the abdomen
- Perineal repair: an approach performed without an abdominal incision, sometimes preferred for older or less fit patients
- Conservative measures such as pelvic floor exercises and dietary changes for mild or early symptoms
Recovery
Recovery depends on the type of operation performed; minimally invasive rectopexy generally allows a quicker return to normal activity than a perineal approach.
Where suitable, this may be carried out using minimally invasive techniques. See Minimally Invasive Surgery.
Frequently asked questions
Does rectal prolapse always need surgery?
Surgery is the main treatment for full-thickness prolapse. Mild or early symptoms may sometimes be managed with conservative measures, but persistent or significant prolapse is usually best treated surgically.
What is a rectopexy?
Rectopexy is an operation that fixes the rectum back into its normal position within the pelvis, usually performed through small abdominal incisions using laparoscopic or robotic techniques.
Can rectal prolapse come back after surgery?
Recurrence is possible after any prolapse repair. The choice of operation is made to suit the individual case with the aim of durable correction; your surgeon will discuss what applies to you.